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How to calculate steel beams

2025-10-18 04:30:48 Real Estate

How to calculate steel beams

As a common load-bearing component in building structures, the calculation process of steel beams involves multiple parameters and specification requirements. This article will combine the hot topics and hot content on the Internet in the past 10 days, introduce the calculation method of steel beams in a structured way, and provide relevant data tables for reference.

1. Basic principles of steel beam calculations

How to calculate steel beams

The calculation of steel beams is mainly based on mechanical principles and steel structure design specifications, including verification of strength, stiffness, stability and other aspects. The following are the parameters to focus on when calculating steel beams:

Parameter namesymbolunitillustrate
Cross-sectional areaAmm²The total area of ​​the steel beam cross-section
Sectional moment of inertiaImm⁴Index reflecting the bending resistance of a section
Section modulusWmm³Index reflecting the flexural strength of the section
Yield strength of steelfyMPaThe stress value at which plastic deformation begins in steel
elastic modulusEMPaElastic deformation ability of steel

2. Calculation of steel beam strength

The strength calculation of steel beams mainly includes the calculation of normal stress, shear stress and local compressive stress. Here is the formula for strength calculation:

Calculate contentCalculation formulaillustrate
Normal stress calculationσ = M/W ≤ fy/γmM is the bending moment, γm is the material partial coefficient
Shear stress calculationτ = V·S/(I·tw) ≤ fv/γmV is shear force, S is static moment, tw is web thickness
Local compressive stress calculationσc = F/(tw·lz) ≤ fy/γmF is the concentrated load, lz is the load distribution length

3. Calculation of steel beam stiffness

The stiffness calculation of steel beams mainly considers the deflection limit to ensure that the deformation of the structure in use is within the allowable range. The common deflection calculation formula is as follows:

Load typeMaximum deflection formulaAllowed deflection
Simply supported beam with uniformly distributed loadδ = 5qL⁴/(384EI)L/250~L/400
Concentrated load simply supported beamδ = PL³/(48EI)L/300~L/500
Cantilever beam end loadδ = PL³/(3EI)L/200~L/300

4. Calculation of steel beam stability

The stability calculation of steel beams includes two aspects: overall stability and local stability. The overall stability check is particularly important, especially when the free length of the compression flange is large.

stability typeCalculation methodKey parameters
Overall stableM/(φb·W) ≤ fy/γmφb is the overall stability coefficient
Web locally stabilizedhw/tw ≤ limit valuehw is the web height, tw is the web thickness
flange local stabilityb/t ≤ limit valueb is the flange width, t is the flange thickness

5. Parameter reference of popular steel models

According to recent industry hot spots, the following are the parameters of several commonly used hot-rolled H-shaped steels (GB/T 11263-2017 standard):

modelHeightH(mm)WidthB(mm)Web thickness tw (mm)Flange thickness t(mm)Theoretical weight (kg/m)
HN400×20040020081366.0
HN500×200500200101689.6
HN600×2006002001117106.0

6. Recommended steel beam calculation software

According to recent engineering software usage trends, the following are several popular steel beam calculation tools:

Software nameDeveloperMain functionsApplicable standards
STAAD.ProBentleyComprehensive Structural Analysis and DesignInternational multi-national standards
ETABSCSIBuilding Structural Analysis and DesignInternationally applicable
Midas GenMidas ITSteel structure analysis and designGB 50017 etc.

7. Answers to frequently asked questions about steel beam calculations

Based on the recent popular discussions on the engineer forum, the following common questions are summarized:

1.How to choose steel beam section?Standard profiles should be given priority based on comprehensive considerations such as load size, span, support conditions and other factors.

2.Why do we need to check stability?Steel has high strength but a relatively slender cross-section and is prone to instability under pressure, so stability checks must be performed.

3.What should I do if the deflection of the steel beam is too large?Measures such as increasing the section height, setting up intermediate supports, or using prestressing can be used to improve stiffness.

4.How to design steel beam connection nodes?The node design should ensure clear force transmission and avoid stress concentration. Welding, high-strength bolt connection, etc. can be used.

Through the above structured data and content, I believe readers can have a comprehensive understanding of the calculation methods of steel beams. In actual projects, it is recommended to perform calculations based on specific project conditions and relevant specification requirements, and consult a professional structural engineer when necessary.

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